Events

Cradle of civilization in North Africa

Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia

Historical region of West Asia

Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC

Ancient Semitic maritime civilization

Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD

Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD

Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC

Ancient Indian empire (c. 3rd century CE – 575 CE)

Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)

Mesoamerican civilization (c. 2000 BC – 1697 AD)

Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization

1438–1533 empire in South America

Empire in West Africa from c. 1226 to 1610

1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa

Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)

Religious wars of the High Middle Ages

European political entity (800/962–1806)

Empire in Eurasia

Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)

Imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907

European cultural period of the 14th to 17th centuries

Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976

1526–1857 empire in South Asia

European cultural movement

Territories ruled by the United Kingdom

1914–1918 global conflict

Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991

1939–1945 global conflict

1947–1991 geopolitical rivalry between US and USSR

Postulated prehistoric ethnolinguistic group

Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 2686–2181 BC)

Reunified ancient Egypt (c. 2000-1700 BC)

Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 1570–1069 BC)

Hellenistic-era Greek state in Egypt (305–30 BC)

Necropolis in ancient Egypt

Polity in Africa and Arabia before 960

Phoenician city-state and empire

Wars between Rome and Carthage (264–146 BC)

Ancient kingdom in Nubia, Africa

Ancient trading confederation in the Horn of Africa (2500 BCE – 980 BCE)

Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization

Classification term given to the first peoples who entered the American continents

Ancient Iranian kingdom (c. 323 BC – 226 AD)

Ancient state in the Caucasus

Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC

Ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli

Ancient Iranian people

Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)

Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)

Historical Indo-European ethnic group in present-day China

? – 108 BC state in East Asia

Chinese dynasty

Period in Chinese history from 420 to 589

Chinese dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)

First imperial dynasty in China (221–206 BC)

Period in Chinese history (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE)

Traditional first dynasty in Chinese history

Eurasian steppe confederation (3rd c. BC – 1st c. AD)

Chinese dynasty from c. 1046 to 256 BC

Legendary, semi-mythical period in Vietnamese historiography

Programmable machine that processes data

Global system of connected computer networks

South Asian religion and philosophy

Pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2

Spectrum of conditions caused by HIV infection

Range of socio-political movements and ideologies

Genocide of European Jews by Nazi Germany

Economic system based on private ownership

Fundamental rights belonging to all humans

Political philosophy emphasising social ownership of production

Current phase of the Russo-Ukrainian war

Religious and philosophical tradition

1861–1865 conflict in the United States

2001 terror attacks in the U.S.

1955–1975 war in Southeast Asia

Chinese ethical and philosophical system

Instrument that makes distant objects appear magnified

Artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement

1950–1953 conflict in Korean Peninsula

Major war in Central Europe (1618–1648)

1936–1939 civil war in Spain

Medieval Anglo-French conflicts, 1337–1453

Artistic style in Europe and colonies, c. 1600–1750

1986 nuclear accident in the Soviet Union

Systematic campaign in the Ottoman Empire

Period with less precipitation than normal

Sexually transmitted infection

Ongoing armed conflict in the Middle East

Type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse without consent

Philosophy dealing with absurdity of existence

International cultural movement (1920s–1950s)

2011–2024 armed conflict in Syria

Ongoing conflict since 2014

Tendency of experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement

1990–1991 conflict in the Middle East

2010s protests and revolutions in the Arab world

Personal computer for mobile use

1775–1783 conflict in North America

19th-century art movement

Literary and art genre with a style of humor based on parody

Polytheistic religious groups

2003–2011 conflict in Iraq

Major World War II battle from 1942 to 1943

1967 war between Israel and Arab states

20th-century avant-garde art movement

Electric light bulb with a resistively heated wire filament

Type of musical delivery involving rhythmic speech

Cultural and artistic movement

Artistic, cultural, and theoretical movement

Multi-party war in the former Russian Empire (1917–1922)

1918–1920 global influenza pandemic

2015 Islamist terror attacks in France

Non-usage of animal products

Tenth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars (1853–1856)

1979–1989 armed conflict in South Asia

Avant-garde art movement in the early 20th century

1803–1815 series of wars led by Napoleon

Global war among European powers (1756–1763)

Style of medieval art

Series of wars in England, 1642–1651

European conflict from 1870 to 1871

1980–1988 armed conflict in West Asia

Signalling device to control competing flows of traffic

Youth movement

1939–1940 war between the Soviet Union and Finland

1815 battle of the Waterloo campaign

1904–1905 conflict in East Asia

Megathrust earthquake off Japan's east coast

1973 war between Israel and Arab states

1932–1933 man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine

1982 undeclared Argentina–United Kingdom war

Modernist art movement

Major earthquakes in the Turkey–Syria border region

1937–1945 conflict in East Asia

Political philosophy based on liberty

Theatre of war of European Axis and Soviet Union blocs

Belief in a god based on rational thought

Medieval Christian military campaigns

2011 armed conflict in North Africa

Art with a degree of independence from visual references

Artistic and social movement

Student-led demonstrations in China

Abrahamic new religious movement originating in 1930s Jamaica

1898 conflict between Spain and the United States

Empiricist philosophical theory

1890–1911 European style of art and architecture

1941 Japanese attack on the U.S.

German art school and art movement

Mass murder campaign in Rwanda

Social movement originating in the US

1812–1815 conflict in North America

Domestic terrorist attacks

1956 British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt

Art movement and architectural style

1927–1949 civil war in China

1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land

Works that are experimental or innovative

2024 shooting in Pennsylvania, U.S.

Late 19th-century art movement in Europe

1848–1870 consolidation of Italian states

Magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake

2008 war between Russia and Georgia

Ammonium nitrate explosion in Lebanon

Catholic response to the Protestant Reformation

Device that converts other energy to electrical energy

Armed conflict in South Asia

Legal right of women to vote

Hypothetical future global conflict

Series of civil wars in England (1455–1487)

480 BC engagement of the Greco-Persian Wars

Movement to end slavery

Clock tower in London, England

Communication protocol that allows connections between networks

Ongoing genocide in the Gaza Strip

Uprising against British Company rule

Communications and observation tower in Toronto, Canada

1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital

1912–1913 conflicts in Balkan states

First major battle in early Islam (624)

Battle between English and Normans in 1066

Art movement emerging in the mid-1950s

1812 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars

Decentralized hacktivist collective

1899–1901 anti-foreign uprising in China

1701–1714 European great power conflict

Swedish-Russian conflict (1700–1721)

Observation wheel in London, England

1805 battle of the Trafalgar campaign

1912–1913 war between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire

Islamic State suicide bombings in Belgium

Islamist terrorist attack in France

1994–1996 war between Russia and Chechen separatists

War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)

Series of conflicts in the 5th century BC

Device for analogue recording of sound

Western cultural movement

1940 WWII air battle

1894–1895 war between China and Japan

2019 terrorist attacks in New Zealand

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2005

Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)

1846–1848 conflict between Mexico and the United States

Artistic style of representing subjects realistically

1805 battle of the War of the Third Coalition

Soviet massacre of Polish military officers and intelligentsia in 1940

2025 war in West Asia

Post-WWII Nazi-inspired ideologies

German invasion of France in 1940

2015 terrorist attack in Paris, France

1839–1842 war between the United Kingdom and China

1938 anti-Jewish pogroms in Nazi Germany

War between Rome and Carthage, 218 to 201 BC

Last major offensive of the European theatre of World War II

Medieval southern European Christian dualist movement

1572 killing of Huguenots in France

c. 1566/1568–1648 war in Habsburg Netherlands

1896 military conflict in East Africa

Magnitude 7.8 earthquake in Nepal

490 BC battle in the Greco-Persian Wars

Armed conflict primarily between Israel and Hezbollah

1943 tank battle in the Soviet Union

Predominantly French art movement, 1886–1905

1995 genocidal killing of Bosniak Muslim men

2011 nuclear accident in Japan

Military campaign following the September 11 attacks

1998–1999 armed conflict in the Balkans

1937–1938 mass murder in China

1147–1149 Christian holy war

Acquisition of goods beyond essential needs

Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (2020)

2024 mass shooting and explosion in Krasnogorsk, Russia

World War II landing operation in Europe

Greek rebellion against the Ottoman Empire (1821–1829)

1954–1962 war of Algerian independence from France

1189–1192 attempted re-conquest of the Holy Land

Broadcasting and observation tower in Japan

2022 massacre by Russian forces in Ukraine

Battle on the Western Front during the First World War

Artistic style in Europe and colonies, c. 1550–1600

Earthquake impacting Myanmar and Thailand

Airstrikes and capture of Nicolás Maduro

Practice and advocacy of social nudity

1571 naval battle of the Ottoman–Habsburg wars

Movement in various forms of art and design

20th-century architectural and art style

Ancient Greek analogue astronomical computer

20th-century conflict between Poland and Russia

Philosophy about Earth protection

Source code made freely available

Social movement against sexual abuse and harassment

WWI battle pitting France and Britain against Germany

1666 conflagration in England

Artistic style

Bulgaria's invasion of its neighbours (1913)

2009–2010 pandemic of swine influenza caused by H1N1 influenza virus

2020 police murder in Minneapolis, Minnesota, US

732 battle of the Umayyad invasion of Gaul

1526 battle of the Ottoman–Hungarian Wars

Communications and observation tower in Japan

Genre of Japanese art

1410 battle between the Teutonic Order and Poland–Lithuania

Group of global contributors to Wikimedia projects

Artistic style of Europe from 1000 AD to the 13c

Style of literary fiction and art

1807–1814 war against Napoleon in Iberia

1866 war in Europe

1942 major naval battle in World War II

Private efforts to increase public good

Major rebellion in China (1850–1864)

Nationwide armed struggle in Mexico (1910–1920)

Interwar conflict in Turkey, 1919–1923

1740–1748 war between European powers

1971 Bangladesh–Pakistan armed conflict

Conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan (1988–1994)

1946–1954 French colonial war in Indochina

Territorial conflict between Chile and allied Peru and Bolivia (1879–83)

Naval battle between Octavian and Mark Antony/Cleopatra (31 BC)

Philosophical tradition in Muslim culture

1899–1902 war in South Africa

1856–1860 war between British–French forces and China

2018 social movement started in France

Israeli air defense system

1813 battle of the Napoleonic Wars

World War II campaign in Russia

Major World War II battle in the Pacific Theater

Soviet style of realistic art depicting communist values

1845–1852 mass starvation in Ireland

Early-20th-century Russian art movement

1914 shooting in Sarajevo

2015 deliberate aircraft crash in France

1683 battle between the Christian European States and the Ottomans

Roman defeat by Germanic tribes in 9 AD

1999–2009 conflict in Chechnya and the North Caucasus

Sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

American post–World War II art movement

480 BC naval battle of the Greco-Persian Wars

Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)

1963 murder in Dallas, Texas

1975–1990 conflict in Lebanon

1991–2001 series of wars in the Balkans

625 Muslim–Quraysh War battle

First Israeli–Palestinian war

1991–95 war during the Yugoslav Wars

1968 U.S. war crime during the Vietnam War

1812 battle of the French invasion of Russia

1071 Seljuk victory over the Byzantines

2017 terrorist attack in the United Kingdom

War between Rome and Carthage (264–241 BC)

2013 domestic terrorist attack in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.

Art or other objects that appeal to popular rather than high art tastes

Art of the present time

1415 English victory in the Hundred Years' War

Religions shaped by historical paganism

Philosophical movement

1911–1912 war in Libya and the Aegean Sea

1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders

680 battle in Iraq

2019 church fire in Paris, France

1389 battle between Serbian-led forces and the Ottoman Empire

Major battle of the Wars of Alexander the Great (331 BC)

Group of English painters, poets, and critics founded in 1848

Natural disaster in Huaxian, China

636 CE conflict between the Rashidun Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

1972 Summer Olympics terrorist attack

War between Rome and Carthage (149–146 BC)

Territorial conflict in South Asia

1709 battle of the Great Northern War

Nazi death camps established to systematically murder

2013–2016 major disease outbreak

Armed conflict in the Gaza Strip

Radio and television tower in Moscow

Style of painting and sculpture

Artistic and architectural philosophy originating in Russia

1918 civil war in Finland

Armed conflict

Battles for succession to rule the Roman Empire (AD 69)

2023 maritime disaster

Earthquake in Morocco

Nazi plan for the genocide of Jews

Anti-establishment subculture

Political ideology emphasising unity of Slavic peoples

First major battle of World War I, 1914

Catastrophic earthquake that primarily affected Lisbon, Portugal

58–50 BC conflict between Rome and Gallic tribes

Dutch art movement founded 1917

Armed Philippine-American conflict (1899–1902)

2016 mass shooting in Florida, U.S.

Artistic period (1860s–1970s)

1954 battle in the First Indochina War

Part of the Hunnic invasion of the Roman province of Gaul

Television tower in Berlin

Major 1945 battle of the Pacific War

1919 massacre of Indian protesters

19th-century conflicts between China and European powers

1863 battle of the American Civil War

1944 attempted assassination of Adolf Hitler

2022 shooting in Nara, Japan

Subculture including music, dance and graffiti

2023 armed incursions and massacres in Israel

1916 major naval battle during World War I

Sustainable and equitable trade

Genocidal conflict in Western Sudan

Civil war in Yemen

Art movement

2015 aircraft bombing over Egypt

Conflagration in Ancient Rome (AD 64)

Failed Hungarian revolt against the Austrian and Russian Empires

Large-scale conflict in South America (1864–1870)

Islamist terror attacks in India

2012 mass shooting in Connecticut, US

1935–1936 war between Italy and Ethiopia

Magnitude 8.8 earthquake and tsunami off the coast of central Chile

1933 arson attack in Berlin, Germany

North American theater of the Seven Years' War

1905 protest in St. Petersburg, Russia

Final battle of the Second Punic War (202 BC)

1757 battle of the Seven Years' War

1792–1802 wars

1962 war between China and India

1916–1918 uprising against the Ottoman Turks

16th-century war in Eastern Europe

Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)

1605 failed attempt to kill King James I of England

1999 mass shooting in Colorado, U.S.

Religious crusade in Egypt from 1248 to 1254

1562–1598 Catholic-Protestant conflicts

Rashidun Caliphate's conquest of the Sasanian Empire

Evacuation of Allied forces in early 1940

Magnitude 8.0 earthquake in China

1066 battle in England

Practice of an unconventional lifestyle

1919–1921 war between Irish and British forces

1983–2009 Sri Lankan internal conflict

1992 mass killing of Azerbaijanis during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War

Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 2012

13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France

Attempted crusade

1217–1221 attempted conquest of the Holy Land

Series of suicide bombings

Burning natural gas field in Turkmenistan

Military campaign in early Muslim history, 627 CE

Conflict between the Kingdom of Greece and the Turkish National Movement

Catholic theological movement

War between France and a European coalition (1688–1697)

Art movement

1946–1949 civil war in Greece

2004 Russian hostage crisis and massacre

73–71 BCE Roman slave rebellion

1274 BC Egyptian-Hittite battle

2016 truck attack in Berlin, Germany

Imitation or depiction of Eastern cultures

Outlawing of alcohol

1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon

Ottoman Empire's invasion of Malta in 1565

International youth movement for climate action

1922–1923 conflict between factions of the IRA

1793–1796 set of battles between the French revolutionaries and the royalists

1944–1945 war between Finland and Germany

Attempt by Germany during World War II to cut supply lines to Britain

Communications and observation tower in Guangzhou (Canton), China

Political ideology which advocates the organization of society by corporate groups

333 BC battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III

1402 Timurid–Ottoman battle

9.4–9.6 magnitude earthquake in Chile

Unrestricted availability of scholarly publications

Major battle of the Texas Revolution

Ongoing civil war in East Africa

1999 conflict between India and Pakistan

Unauthorized occupation of property

Genocide of Assyrians (1914–1924)

Genocide of the Romani in Europe during World War II

Italian cultural movement from the 14th to 17th century

2011 American protest movement

Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)

Earthquake in South Asia

TV tower in Shanghai, China

Crusade against Ifriqiya in 1270

2017 nightclub shooting in Ortaköy, Istanbul, Turkey

Perspective within feminism

Art movement of the 1960s and 1970s

1880–1881 war in South Africa

1817–1864 invasion of the Caucasus by the Russian Empire

Mw 7.6 earthquake in Hebei, China

1228–1229 attempted conquest of the Holy Land

1835–1836 rebellion

Armed conflict which ended Spanish rule of New Spain

Conflicts between Ottomans and Holy League (1683–1699)

Taliban capture of the capital of Afghanistan

1914 World War I battle

Mass shooting in Derry, Northern Ireland, 1972

Conceptual approach that draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas

Military confrontation between India and Pakistan alongside the Bangladesh Liberation War

Battle between Eastern Roman Empire and Goths (378)

1356 battle of the Hundred Years' War

1940 battle between the Allies and Germany in France

Battle between Russian principalities and Mongol forces

1314 battle during the First War of Scottish Independence

Cohort born from 1883 to 1900

Famine killing millions (1959–1961)

1805–1806 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars

1923 megathrust earthquake in Japan

1346 English victory during the Hundred Years' War

Series of wars between the 7th and 11th centuries

Approach to feminism influenced by ecologist movement

1868–1869 Japanese civil war

Deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history

War between Mexico's government and various drug trafficking syndicates

15th-century religious wars in Bohemia

Violent 1990 crackdown on anti-government/anti-Armenian movements in Baku, Azerbaijan SSR

541–549 AD in the Byzantine Empire, later northern Europe

1967–1970 war

1890 South Dakota massacre of Lakota

2022 mass shooting in Texas, US

Finnish war against the Soviet Union (1941–44)

Part of the Gallic Wars

1813–1814 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars

Art movement

8th–9th century renaissance within the Carolingian Empire

Visual art in public spaces

Group of Austrian artists and architects

Earthquake in California

Part of the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great

1995 terrorist bombing in Oklahoma City

Initial battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War

War between Bolivia and Paraguay (1932 to 1935)

1260 battle between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire

Terrorist attacks in Istanbul, Turkey

Terrorist attack by the Islamist militant group in Saint Petersburg, Russia

Terrorist attacks in Spain in August 2017

1620 battle of the Thirty Years' War

War between China and Vietnam in 1979

1947–1948 war between India and Pakistan

Series of conflicts between 1568 and 1918

1998–2003 war in central Africa

Siege in the Russian invasion of Ukraine

1975–2002 military conflict

1806 battle of the War of the Fourth Coalition

19th-century art movement from Central Europe

War between Denmark, Prussia, and Austria in 1864

1870 battle during the Franco-Prussian War

532 Byzantine revolt against Justinian I

Battle during the expansion of Macedonia

1876 battle of the Great Sioux War

Part of the Roman–Parthian Wars

Major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II

18th century Succession wars for the Polish Commonwealth

Terrorist attack on Madrid's suburban trains

Brief war between El Salvador and Honduras in 1969

Mass shooting in Munich, Germany

European conflicts from 1494–1559

1970s mass killing of Cambodians

Terror attack in London

European crusade to the Holy Land, 1271–1272

Battle of World War II

1896–1898 Philippine war of independence against the Spanish Empire

Christian conquest of the First Crusade

12th/13th century crusades around the Baltic Sea

Philosophical system developed by Ayn Rand

Series of wars during the 17th and 18th centuries

July 2021 flooding in Europe

War in the Roman Republic (49–45 BC)

1945–1949 Indonesian conflict and diplomatic struggle against Dutch rule

19th-century French artistic movement

1939 border clashes between Imperial Japan and the Soviet Union

Worldwide political movement against multinational corporations

1396 battle during the Ottoman wars in Europe

1990–1992 separatist conflict in Moldova

Battle in the Crusade of Varna

Anti-Russian uprising in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1830–31)

2002 terrorist attack and hostage crisis in Moscow

Second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war

1223 battle where the Mongols fought against Rus' princes and Cumans

Tower in Tehran

1838–1842 British-Afghan war

War between Estonia and Soviet Russia in 1918–1920

8th-century conquest by the Umayyads

Battle in the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War

1990s UK pop culture movement

2011 U.S. military operation in Abbottabad, Pakistan

Battle fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenids

1988 aircraft bombing over Scotland

Part of the Reconquista in Spain (1212)

1940–1941 conflict

British colonial war in 1879

1600 battle in Japan

1917 battle on the Italian front of World War I

1798 battle of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria

Part of the War of the Second Coalition (1800)

Art by a person lacking formal training

6–11 August 2011 riots in cities and towns across England

1967–1970 war between Israel and Egypt

Design movement (c. 1880–1920)

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane in 2017

1917 campaign of the First World War

Byzantine–Gothic war in Italy

751 battle between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang dynasty

Occupation of Tehran's U.S. embassy (1979–1981)

1806–1807 conflict of the Napoleonic Wars

Military battle during World War II on 19 August 1944

Battle of the Polish–Soviet War

Act of painting outdoors

Frontier conflicts in North America, 1609–1890s

International network of artists, composers and designers

9/11 hijacked passenger flight

Explosive device attacks in Lebanon and Syria

1242 battle of the Northern Crusades on the frozen Lake Peipus

1792–1797 battles between French revolutionaries and neighbouring monarchies

Part of Caesar's Civil War (48 BC)

Earthquake in Japan on January 17, 1995

1485 battle during the Wars of the Roses

Undeclared conflict between China and the Soviet Union

Largest naval battle of World War II and history

1977–1978 war between Ethiopia and Somalia over Ogaden region

1381 uprising in England

Famine in British India during World War II

1859 conflict between Sardinia (with France) and Austria

Reluctance or refusal of vaccines

1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea

1526 battle during the Mughal conquest of the Delhi Sultanate

1978–89 conflict between Vietnam and the Khmer Rouge

1960s subculture related to the use of psychedelics

Civil war in the early 15th century Ottoman Empire

Medieval astronomical clock in the Czech Republic

1808–1809 war between Russia and Sweden

Transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union

1895–1896 war between the Ethiopia and Italy

1865 murder in Washington, D.C., US

Three wars between the Roman Republic and the Samnites in Central Italy, 343–290 BC

1995 terrorist attack by Aum Shinrikyo

2022 crowd crush in South Korea

Series of devastating floods

Sixth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

Earthquake in Japan

Megathrust earthquake in Russia

Deadly nightclub fire in Switzerland

Axis invasion of Crete during World War II

1970–1971 conflict in Jordan

Pejorative term used by the Nazi Party for modern art

Battle of World War II

Terrorist attack in Peshawar, Pakistan

2007 mass shooting in Blacksburg, Virginia, US

1894–1897 massacres of Armenians and Assyrians in the Ottoman Empire

Crowd crush incident in Saudi Arabia

1916–1934 Central Asian uprising

Mass murder of Circassians by the Russian Empire

717–718 siege of the Byzantine capital

Terrorist attack in Sweden

Ongoing conflict in West Africa since 2012

1896 battle of the First Italo-Ethiopian War

Fatal spectator riot in Brussels, Belgium in 1985

312 AD battle in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy

1086 battle of the Spanish Reconquista

1781 siege of the American Revolutionary War

Genre of artworks that contains movement

1770s–1880s Jewish intellectual movement

Philosophy calling for reduced consumption and production to achieve sustainability

1672–1678 European war

Civil wars in France between 1648 and 1653

Effort to promote an endangered language or revive a dead language

Beginning of the 1990–1991 Gulf War

1952 air pollution event

Armed conflict in Ethiopia (2020–2022)

Armed conflict in Tajikistan from 1992 to 1997

1808–1833 series of armed conflicts in the Americas

2023 storm in the Mediterranean Sea

7.4 magnitude earthquake in Taiwan

Islamist terrorist attack in Indian-administered Kashmir

1918 murder in Yekaterinburg, Russia

Terrorist attack in Sydney, Australia

Large Russian cannon made in 1586

German expressionist artist group

629 AD battle in the Arab–Byzantine Wars

Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 2011

217 BC battle of the Second Punic War

1982 mass murder of civilians in Beirut, Lebanon

Italian art and culture of 1400–1499

1878–1880 war between the British Empire and the Emirate of Afghanistan

Battle during the Ottoman-Hungarian Wars

Second war on revolutionary France by European monarchies

World War II battle on north coast of France

1919 Chinese cultural political movement

Terrorist attack in London

1942 battle of World War II

Symbol of American independence and liberty

2010 oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico

1809 conflict during the Napoleonic Wars

1930s period of severe dust storms in North America

1514 battle of the Ottoman–Persian wars

Conflicts between Rome and various Greek kingdoms (214–148 BC)

Self-operating machine

Devastating earthquake in Armenian SSR, USSR

1520 trial and executions

Revival in the study of Classical antiquity

7th-century battle of the First Fitna

Series of wildfires in California, United States

World's heaviest bell, cast in 1735

Military rebellions by Greek cities in Asia Minor against Persian rule (499 BC–493 BC)

Series of military campaigns by the Mongol Empire

Eighth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

Cave-in and miner rescue in Atacama Region, Chile

1827 naval battle during the Greek War of Independence

1807 battle of the War of the Fourth Coalition

World War II military campaign in 1940

Ninth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

1798 battle of the French invasion of Egypt and Syria

Battle of the First War of Scottish Independence

8th-century battle between the Visigothic Kingdom and the Umayyad Caliphate

Prelude to the First Crusade (April–October 1096)

1960 South African Police killing of protestors

1298 battle of the First War of Scottish Independence

Fifth conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

9/11 hijacked passenger flight

Ancient Greek war (395–387 BC)

1917 World War I battle

Massacres of Poles by Ukrainian nationalists during World War II

1967–1975 conflict in Cambodia

Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia (636 CE)

722 opening battle of the Reconquista of Spain

2024 weather disaster in Spain

Ongoing armed conflict in South Asia

1942 battle in the Eastern Front of World War II

Major battle of the Great Northern War

1943 series of battles on the Eastern Front of World War II

13th-century battle during the Mongol invasion of Poland

Battle on the Eastern Front of World War II

Advocacy for the rights and interests of males

Main branch of feminism

Far-right white nationalist movement

Fatal crowd crush during 1989 FA Cup semi-final

Device used to direct the flow of a fluid

2017 fatal fire in West London

1807 battle of the War of the Fourth Coalition

1809 battle during the War of the Fifth Coalition

1861 American Civil War battle

Art created outside the boundaries of official culture by those untrained in the arts

Disease outbreak (165–180 CE)

Conflict in Europe

Conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids

1996–1997 war in central Africa

Early mechanical calculator

1959–1975 conflict in Laos

2020 murder in Éragny-sur-Oise, France

Maritime incident caused by grounded vessel

Campaign in the Russo-Ukrainian war

Battle in the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022 and 2023

1704 battle of the War of the Spanish Succession

2014 ferry sinking disaster in South Korea

1770 shooting deaths of five colonists by British soldiers

Late 19th-century European cultural phenomenon

First major battle of the Second Punic War

Part of the Hungarian invasions of Europe, 955

1881–1899 Sudanese revolt against Anglo-Egyptian rule

Final battle of the Second Italian War of Independence

Battle on the Western Front of World War II

Social identity movements

1991 Croatian War of Independence siege

1240 battle of the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars

628 military campaign in the early Muslim period

1746 battle of the Jacobite rising of 1745

Opening engagement of the German invasion of Belgium during WWI

War between Rome and its Italian allies

Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states

First naval battle of the Second World War

Military conquest during 1580–1778

657 battle of the First Fitna

European imitation of Japanese art during the 19th and 20th centuries

Late 19th-century movement

7.0 magnitude earthquake and tsunami affecting Turkey and Greece

Suicide bombing at Kabul airport, Afghanistan

1948 mass killing by Zionist militants

1761 battle between the Durrani Empire and Marathas

Earthquake in Asia

2025 apartment fire in Tai Po, Hong Kong

Fifth and final conflict of the Russo-Persian Wars

February 2011 earthquake in New Zealand

Code name for the creation of German extermination camps in Poland in World War II

Famine of medieval Europe

1916 Russian offensive during World War I

Volcanic events in Iceland

2016 murder in Ankara, Turkey

1904–1908 genocide by the German Empire

Japanese naval operation in World War II

1792 battle during the War of the First Coalition

1302 battle of the Franco-Flemish War

9/11 hijacked passenger flight

1854 battle of the Crimean War

Philosophy supporting rural society

1917 maritime disaster in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Major naval battle of World War II

Environmental pressure group

First conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

Conflict in Eastern Europe

1871 conflagration in Illinois, US

1862 battle of the American Civil War

Peasant revolt against the Eastern Han dynasty

2020 assassination in Baghdad, Iraq

1918–19 conflict between the Second Polish Republic and Ukrainian forces

Epidemic of bubonic plague, 1665–66

Contemporary art movement

2021 aviation incident in Belarus

1992–1994 armed conflict within the Bosnian War

9/11 hijacked passenger flight

2026 assassination in Tehran, Iran

Rashidun-era Muslim civil war (656 to 661)

Part of the Austro-Prussian War

1944–45 World War II battle

Naval battle of World War I

1920s German art movement against expressionism

Battle on the Eastern Front of World War II

Armed conflict involving Pakistan and armed militant groups

2011 earthquakes in eastern Turkey

Computer interface

Maoist insurgency in Nepal (1996–2006)

Mass shooting in Colorado, U.S.

2011 suicide bombing in a Moscow airport

Earthquake in Abruzzo, Italy

1945 Soviet invasion of Manchukuo

AD 193 in the Roman Empire

1974–1991 conflict in Ethiopia

1912 maritime disaster

Battle of the Roman civil war

Organization that promotes local food

Turning point in the Hundred Years' War

Thebes' victory against Sparta in 371 BC

End of the Vietnam War, 30 April 1975

French artists

1961–1991 conflict within Ethiopia

Conflicts between the Byzantine and Ottoman empires (1299–1453)

Part of the Italian War (1521–1526)

1690 battle in the Kingdom of Ireland

Conflict over the status of Crete

1941 campaign during World War II

World War II military campaign

1241 battle during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary

Art showing conditions of the working class

Art movement

Social movement that accepts all forms of love

1340 naval battle

American art movement

War between Russia and Poland-Lithuania Commonwealth

7.2-magnitude earthquake in Tiburon Peninsula, Haiti

Mass murder in the Czech Republic

Suicide bombings in Iran

2024 murder of Hamas leader in Tehran, Iran

2025 assassination in Orem, Utah, U.S.

Ukrainian anarchist movement

Siege and sack of Rome by the Visigoths

War between Spain and Cuban rebels from 1895 to 1898

Conflicts between Rome and Pontus (88–63 BC)

1546–1547 conflict in the Holy Roman Empire

Multilateral civil war in North Africa

1980 anti-government protest in South Korea

Set of principles focused on waste management

Small piece of paper with a re-adherable strip of glue on its back

1921 mass violence in Oklahoma, US

Musical style of the Late Middle Ages

Danish filmmaking movement

Artist collective and art movement

Battle of the First World War

Eastern European military conflict (1917–1921)

19th-century art movement

Islamist terror attacks

Chess-playing automaton hoax (1770–1854)

1775 battle of the American Revolutionary War

Earthquake in Kocaeli Province, Turkey

1964 naval confrontation between North Vietnam and the United States

Battle that decisively ended Xerxes's invasion of Greece (479 BC)

1739–1748 conflict between Britain and Spain

Seed-sowing agricultural device

1961–1974 wars of independence in Africa

2019 mass murder in Kyoto, Japan

Observation and communication tower in Auckland, New Zealand

Battle between Egypt and Canaanite rebels

1863 American Civil War battle

Chinese painting style using black ink

1775 battle of the American Revolutionary War

1991–2002 war in West Africa

Third conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

Battle on the Yangtze River (208 AD)

1998–2000 international conflict

1819 massacre by government troops in Manchester

Naval conflict from 1665 to 1667

1848–1849 conflict in Europe

Questioning of claims lacking empirical evidence

1955 state-sanctioned violence against minorities in Turkey

Battles involving Armenian National movement

Islamist terrorist attack in Vienna

Ongoing refugee crisis in Europe

Fourth conflict of the Russo-Persian Wars

2023 massacre in southern Israel

Seventh conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

1960–1996 conflict

1976 student-led anti-apartheid protests in South Africa

16th-century war fought in Scandinavia

Battle of the Thirty Years' War

Era of US history from the 1870s to the late 1890s

1961–1974 armed conflict in Southwestern Africa

1978–1979 armed conflict in East Africa

Explosions at the Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China

2015 terror attack during a protest movement in Ankara, Turkey

1861 American Civil War battle

Earthquake in Japan

War between France and Spain (1667–1668)

Large-scale military campaign to recapture Mosul from the Islamic State

WWII battle

301 BC battle of the Wars of the Diadochi in Phrygia (modern Turkey)

1942 battle during the Western Desert Campaign of World War II

1515 battle of the War of the League of Cambrai

Early 19th century German Romantic painters

Habsburg siege and subsequent sack of Papal Rome

French art movement

19th century proposed mechanical computer

2001 mass shooting in Kathmandu

Flying palaces or chariots described in Hindu texts and Sanskrit epics

US Navy battleship sunk in 1941

Military conflict during the Somali Civil War

First battle in the Invasion of Poland and beginning of the Second World War

1988 chemical attack in Iraqi Kurdistan

Automatic mechanical calculator

Battle in World War I's Eastern Front

Second conflict of the Russo-Turkish wars

Wildfires in Brazil

1884–1885 conflict between France and China

Conflict between the Minamoto and Taira clans of feudal Japan (1180–1185)

Main sewage system of Ancient Rome

1921–1926 war between Spain and Riffian tribes of Morocco

1995 military offensive and last major battle of the Croatian War of Independence

Philosophical revival of Confucianism (13th–19th centuries)

1983–2005 war for South Sudanese independence

1177 battle between the Crusaders and Ayyubids

1914 battle of the First World War

15th-century war in Northern Europe

14th-century battle of the Serbian–Ottoman Wars

Incident in Roman mythology

1538 battle of the Third Ottoman–Venetian War

Ongoing armed conflict in Southeast Asia

Part of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine

2022 battle of the Russo-Ukrainian War

Terrorist attack in the United States

Conflict between the Commonwealth and the Dutch Republic

Terrorist attack in Turkey

Conflict between Georgia and Abkhaz separatists

1919 war between the British Empire (India) and the Emirate of Afghanistan

Earthquake in southern Italy

Philosophical and social movement

War of national liberation between Scotland and England

1992–2002 conflict between the Algerian government and Islamist rebels

2007 murder in Rawalpindi, Pakistan

1964–1974 armed conflict in Southeastern Africa

2010 Israeli military operation against a humanitarian ship convoy

Extreme earthquake and tsunami off the coast of Peru

Conflict between the early Muslims and Bedouins (630 AD)

Anti-Christian terrorist attack by the Taliban in Lahore, Pakistan

Volcanic eruption in Italy

Battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II

Battle between Russia and the Ottoman Empire

1937 battle of the Second Sino-Japanese War

Genocide in Myanmar

1934 civil war within the First Austrian Republic

Open scientific research

Part of the Crusades

Strategic operation conducted during Operation Barbarossa

197 BC Roman victory in the Second Macedonian War

Fatal 7.3 Mw earthquake near the Iran–Iraq border

War between the kingdoms of Spain and England

15th and 16th-century art of the Low Countries

War between Rome and the Seleucid Empire, 192–188 BC

Crusade

1697 battle of the Great Turkish War

Art movement, an offshoot of cubism

1940 British naval victory over Italy in WWII

1845–1846 conflict between the British and Sikh empires

World War II battle in the Pacific theater

Art from the Republic of Venice

Renaissance that occurred in the European countries north of the Alps

Art of the Frankish empire, ca. 780–900

1648–1666 invasions of Poland–Lithuania

1976–1983 Argentine military dictatorship

1944 battle in Italy

Conflict between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire (1645–1669)

18th-century wars between Prussia and Austria

Anti-Sunni massacre in Hama, Syria

Contributors to the development of the Encyclopédie from June 1751 to December 1765

Observation wheel in Singapore

War between Rome and Macedonia, 200–197 BC

2009 death of American singer in Los Angeles, California, US

1979 radical Islamic insurgency in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

394 AD battle between Theodosius and Eugenius

Decisive battle of the Texas Revolution

Part of the American Revolutionary War

Crusade from Norway to Palestine (1107–1111)

Earthquake in Croatia

Part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

1879 battle of the Anglo-Zulu War

2022 explosion on the Crimean Bridge

260 Sasanian victory over Rome

Device for viewing a stereoscopic pair of separate images

2023 dam breach in Ukraine

Movement of individuals or households preparing for emergencies and natural disasters

8th-century battle in France

Early battle during the First Crusade

2012 cruise ship sinking off the Italian coast

School shooting in Örebro, Sweden

Series of military campaigns launched by Abu Bakr against rebel Arab tribes

Swedish-speaking minority of Estonia

1396–1718 wars in the eastern Mediterranean

Category 5 Pacific hurricane in 2015

Conflicts in the Balkans (680–1355)

Last war between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires

1948–1960 British colonial war in Malaya

1964–1979 conflict in Southern Africa

1947 uprising in Taiwan

Part of the Vietnam War (1968)

7th-century conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate

Conflict between the Prussian Confederation, Poland, and the Teutonic Order

Part of the Tunisia Campaign of World War II

Ajka alumina 2010 industrial accident in Hungary

8.2 Mw earthquake and tsunami off of Mexico and Guatemala

Battle of the Third Macedonian War in 168 BC

7 Mw earthquake and tsunami in Indonesia

Earthquake in SR Macedonia

War fought by Pyrrhus of Epirus in Italy and Sicily against Rome and Carthage

Tsunami in coastal regions of Banten and Lampung, Indonesia

2007 school shooting in Tuusula, Finland

Indigenous Australian children forcibly acculturated into White Australian society

Tanning using an artificial source of ultraviolet light

1848–1851 war between Denmark and Prussia

1593–1606 Habsburg–Ottoman war

Part of the Great Turkish War

1938 Soviet-Japanese border clashes

1941 battle of WW2 on the Eastern Front

Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe and Ottoman-Hungarian Wars

101–106 AD pair of Roman wars against Dacia

1885 war between Serbia and Bulgaria

War between Rome and Macedonia, 214–205 BC

Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe

Series of conflicts in Central America and the Caribbean

1099 final battle of the First Crusade

2nd-century BC war between the Kingdom of Numidia and the Roman Republic

1920s African-American cultural movement

Earthquake in Turkey

Photography movement

Terrorist attacks in Indonesia

Genocide campaign in the Ottoman Empire

190/89 BCE battle in which Rome and Pergamon defeated the Seleucids

166–180 AD series of Roman wars with Danubian tribes

1191 Third Crusade battle

2021 school shooting in Russia

Part of the Russian invasion of Ukraine

Byzantine–Vandal war in North Africa (533–534)

1929 gang shooting in Chicago

2024 shooting in Handlová, Slovakia

1880s–1920s Muslim modernists in the Russian Empire

Conflict between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom

1929–1932 Soviet repression of peasants

Earthquake in Kunar Province, Afghanistan

Final war of the Reconquista

18th-century war between the Austrian Habsburgs and a Prussian/Saxon alliance

Third Italian War of Independence naval battle

1805 battle during the War of the Third Coalition

1675–79 war between Sweden and Denmark–Norway

Collection of masculist and misogynistic websites and forums

1814–1816 war between Nepal and Britain

12th–13th century Baltic Christianisation campaign

1966–1990 war between South Africa and PLAN

Part of the Thirty Years' War

1909 massacres of Armenian, Assyrian, and Greek civilians by Ottoman Muslims

Famine in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

Natural disaster

1556 battle during the Mughal conquest of the Sur Empire

1980 murder in New York City, US

1950s American protest against racial segregation

1814 brewery disaster in London

War fought in Greece in 323–322 BCE

Four deadly fires in Leiria, Portugal

Conflict fought during the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish war

Naval battle of 1 November 1914 near Chile in World War I

1985 aircraft bombing over the Atlantic Ocean

Battle of the War of 1812 fought in January 1815

Series of revolts by the Jews against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 AD

1990–1994 armed struggle in Rwanda

1950 battle of the Korean War

31 January–1 February storm surge

1962–1970 conflict

Environmental movement

1980 terrorist bombing of train station in Bologna, Italy

Opposition to racism

1014 battle of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars

Art movement

Terrorist attack in Strasbourg, France

1566 battle in Hungary during the Ottoman–Habsburg wars

Denmark–Norway fought Sweden, 1611–1613

World War I battle in 1914

1941 siege on the Eastern Front of World War II

February 2012 football stadium riot in Port Said, Egypt

1643 battle of the Thirty Years' War between French and Spanish forces

Part of the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC

1862 battle of the American Civil War

Battle during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

1920–1922 peasant revolt in the Russian Civil War

1792 killings of prisoners in Paris

1776 American Revolutionary War battle

1918 battle in the Western Front of World War I

Early modern study of Dutch learning in Japan

Social movement concerning creative works

Series of murders in Canada

British modernist art movement formed in 1914

1578 battle in Morocco

Major volcanic eruption around 1600 BC

1968 shooting in Los Angeles, California

Natural disasters in the USA

Vehicle-ramming attack in Germany

Terrorist attack in Louisiana, U.S.

Painting style developed in the 14th century Siena

2025 stabbing in Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.

1640–1668 war between Portugal and Spain

1302 battle of the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars

Series of battles during World War II

1941 battle on the Eastern Front of World War II

Part of the German invasion of Poland

Category 5 Atlantic hurricane

630 military campaign in the early Muslim period

2015 structural failure in Mecca, Saudi Arabia

Earthquake in Pakistan, Afghanistan and India

ISIL suicide bombing in Turkey

1718–20 war between Spain and a European alliance

1862 American Civil War battle

1764 battle of the Bengal War

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2008

Ideology that seeks to develop a white national identity

Series of terrorist attacks in Tehran, Iran

1474–1477 Western European conflict

2010 natural disaster in Pakistan

Battle between Carthaginian and Romans forces in 218 BC

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 2017

15th-century civil war in Japan

Movements from the era of Romanticism

2017 mass shooting in Texas, U.S.

1853 naval battle of the Crimean War

Terrorist bombing in a Sinai mosque, Egypt

War between United States and the Barbary states, 1801–1805

Battle in the Winter War

Pogroms of 1096

1809 battle during the War of the Fifth Coalition

Italian art movement

Battle of the American Revolutionary War (December 26, 1776)

1977–1992 civil war in southeast Africa

1944 Japanese offensive during the Second Sino-Japanese War

1944 battle during the Pacific Campaign of World War II

1943 military campaign of World War II resulting in the fall of the Kingdom of Italy

Second most powerful earthquake in recorded history

Period during the High Middle Ages of European history