Ancient world

King of Macedon from 336 to 323 BC

Mauryan emperor from 269 to 232 BCE

Roman general and dictator (100–44 BC)

Pharaoh of Egypt from 51 to 30 BC

Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14

Human transition from foraging to settlement

Period between prehistory and the medieval era

Historical period (c. 3300–1200 BCE)

Cradle of civilization in North Africa

Bronze Age civilisation in South Asia

Ancient Mesopotamian civilization from 3300 to 1900 BC

Ancient Semitic maritime civilization

Archaeological period

Greek civilization from 1200 BC to 600 AD

Country in East Asia

Roman civilisation from the 8th century BC to the 5th century AD

Ancient Iranian empire, 550–330 BC

Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)

Ancient Indian empire (c. 3rd century CE – 575 CE)

Imperial dynasty in China (202 BC – 220 AD)

Greek philosopher (c. 470–399 BC)

The Americas prior to European influence

Roman statesman and lawyer (106–43 BC)

Pre-Columbian cultural area in the Americas

Mesoamerican civilization (c. 2000 BC – 1697 AD)

European history from the 5th to 15th centuries

Continuation of the Roman Empire (330–1453)

1st-century-BC Roman poet

Greek mathematician and physicist (c. 287 – 212 BC)

1st-century Jewish preacher and religious leader

Megacity and union territory of India

City in the Southern Levant

Capital of England and the United Kingdom

Capital and largest city of France

Capital and largest city of Italy

Prehistoric period, first part of the Stone Age

Earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic

Archaeological period, part of Stone Age

Subdivision of the Paleolithic, or Old Stone Age

Prehistoric period, second part of the Stone Age

Archaeological period, last part of the Stone Age (New Stone Age)

Prehistoric period: Copper Age

Age of the ancient Greeks and Romans

Period of eastern Mediterranean history from 323 to 30 BC

Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 2686–2181 BC)

Reunified ancient Egypt (c. 2000-1700 BC)

Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 1570–1069 BC)

Hellenistic-era Greek state in Egypt (305–30 BC)

Title of Ancient Egyptian monarch

Necropolis in ancient Egypt

Polity in Africa and Arabia before 960

Phoenician city-state and empire

Wars between Rome and Carthage (264–146 BC)

Ancient civilization of Nigeria

Ancient kingdom in Nubia, Africa

Ancient trading confederation in the Horn of Africa (2500 BCE – 980 BCE)

Pre-Columbian Andean civilization

Pre-Columbian era society in coastal Peru

Earliest known major Mesoamerican civilization

Prehistoric culture in the Americas c. 11,100–10,800 BCE

Ancient Iranian kingdom (c. 323 BC – 226 AD)

Ancient state in the Caucasus

Ancient pre-Iranian civilization between 3200 and 539 BC

Ancient Georgian kingdom of Kartli

Ancient Iranian people

Iranian empire (247 BC – 224 AD)

Last pre-Islamic Iranian empire (224–651 AD)

? – 108 BC state in East Asia

Chinese dynasty

Japanese prehistorical period

Period in Chinese history from 420 to 589

Chinese dynasty (c. 1600 – c. 1046 BC)

Period of Chinese history from 304 to 439

First imperial dynasty in China (221–206 BC)

Period in Chinese history (c. 770 – c. 481 BCE)

Period of Chinese history from 220 to 280 CE

Pre-unification kingdoms (57 BC–668 AD)

Period of Chinese history, c. 475 – 221 BC

Traditional first dynasty in Chinese history

Eurasian steppe confederation (3rd c. BC – 1st c. AD)

Japanese historical period from 200 BCE to 300 CE

Chinese dynasty from c. 1046 to 256 BC

Greek sculptor, painter and architect (c.480–430 BC)

Chinese poet (c.340–278 BCE)

Chinese poet (365–427)

Classical Athenian comic playwright (c. 446 – c. 386 BC)

Roman lyric poet (65–8 BC)

Ninth largest city of Albania

Early Germanic people

Ancient city near modern Naples, Italy

Defensive fortification in Roman Britain

Ancient rock-cut historical city in Jordan

Period in Europe with mass population movements, 4th – 9th century AD

480 BC engagement of the Greco-Persian Wars

Macedonian Greek royal family which ruled Egypt

Ancient school of philosophy

War between Athens and Sparta (431–404 BC)

Series of conflicts in the 5th century BC

War between Rome and Carthage, 218 to 201 BC

490 BC battle in the Greco-Persian Wars

Platonic philosophical system

Naval battle between Octavian and Mark Antony/Cleopatra (31 BC)

Roman defeat by Germanic tribes in 9 AD

480 BC naval battle of the Greco-Persian Wars

Largest battle of the Second Punic War (216 BC)

War between Rome and Carthage (264–241 BC)

5th–8th-century nomadic confederation in Central Asia

Major battle of the Wars of Alexander the Great (331 BC)

War between Rome and Carthage (149–146 BC)

Dynasty of ancient Egypt

Battles for succession to rule the Roman Empire (AD 69)

58–50 BC conflict between Rome and Gallic tribes

People of the ancient Near East

Part of the Hunnic invasion of the Roman province of Gaul

Dynasty of Egypt from c. 1550 to 1292 BCE

Conflagration in Ancient Rome (AD 64)

Final battle of the Second Punic War (202 BC)

Jewish nationalist faction in Roman Judaea

Chinese imperial dynasty from 9 to 23 AD

73–71 BCE Roman slave rebellion

1274 BC Egyptian-Hittite battle

333 BC battle between Alexander the Great and Darius III

Western music created during the Middle Ages

Land battle during the second Persian invasion of Greece (479 BC)

Dynasty of ancient Egypt

Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Old Kingdom)

Dynasty of ancient Egypt (Old Kingdom)

Egyptian dynasty from 1295 to 1186 BC

Battle between Eastern Roman Empire and Goths (378)

Old Kingdom dynasty (c. 2613–2494 BC)

Christian Arab tribe

Part of the Gallic Wars

Part of the Indian campaign of Alexander the Great

Final Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt

Indigenous people of Colombia

Battle during the expansion of Macedonia

Part of the Roman–Parthian Wars

Period from 1189 to 1077 BCE

War in the Roman Republic (49–45 BC)

Dynasty of Hellenistic kings

Dynasty of Judea (140–37 BC)

Royal dynasty in Mesopotamia

Battle fought between Alexander the Great and the Achaemenids

School of philosophy in Ancient Greece

Nomadic Iranian peoples of Saka and Scythian origin

South Indian dynasty (275–897)

Part of Caesar's Civil War (48 BC)

Egyptian Middle Kingdom dynasty from 1991 to 1802 BC

Ancient South Arabian kingdom

Three wars between the Roman Republic and the Samnites in Central Italy, 343–290 BC

312 AD battle in the Civil Wars of the Tetrarchy

217 BC battle of the Second Punic War

Group of Jewish rebels in the Seleucid Empire

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

Conflicts between Rome and various Greek kingdoms (214–148 BC)

Ancient Tamil dynasty of South India

Para-Mongolic ancient people

2nd-century Christian movement

Military rebellions by Greek cities in Asia Minor against Persian rule (499 BC–493 BC)

Ancient Greek war (395–387 BC)

Native dynasty of ancient Egypt before the first Persian invasion

Group of rulers in ancient Egypt

Proposed ancient Egyptian dynasty

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

Disease outbreak (165–180 CE)

Third Dynasty of the Ancient Egyptian Second Intermediate Period

Kushite rule in Egypt during the third intermediate period

Arab monarchy (c. 268–602)

First major battle of the Second Punic War

380–343 BC ancient Egyptian dynasty

First dynasty of the Macedonian Kingdom

War between Rome and its Italian allies

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

Japanese imperial family

Peasant revolt against the Eastern Han dynasty

Part of the First Jewish–Roman War

Dynastic era in China (c. 1046 – 771 BC)

AD 193 in the Roman Empire

Greek state during the Hellenistic period

Battle of the Roman civil war

Thebes' victory against Sparta in 371 BC

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

Siege and sack of Rome by the Visigoths

Conflicts between Rome and Pontus (88–63 BC)

Battle that decisively ended Xerxes's invasion of Greece (479 BC)

Bantu ethnic group

Ancient Egyptian dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period

Battle between Egypt and Canaanite rebels

Battle on the Yangtze River (208 AD)

301 BC battle of the Wars of the Diadochi in Phrygia (modern Turkey)

Volcanic eruption in Italy

197 BC Roman victory in the Second Macedonian War

War between Rome and the Seleucid Empire, 192–188 BC

Chinese ruling dynasty from 420 to 479

War between Rome and Macedonia, 200–197 BC

394 AD battle between Theodosius and Eugenius

525–404 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)

260 Sasanian victory over Rome

Battle of the Third Macedonian War in 168 BC

War fought by Pyrrhus of Epirus in Italy and Sicily against Rome and Carthage

Chinese ruling dynasty from 479 to 502

101–106 AD pair of Roman wars against Dacia

War between Rome and Macedonia, 214–205 BC

2nd-century BC war between the Kingdom of Numidia and the Roman Republic

190/89 BCE battle in which Rome and Pergamon defeated the Seleucids

166–180 AD series of Roman wars with Danubian tribes

Conflict between the Seleucid Empire and the Ptolemaic Kingdom

Ancient Egyptian dynasty

War fought in Greece in 323–322 BCE

Series of revolts by the Jews against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 AD

British tribe of the Iron Age and Roman era

Part of the second Persian invasion of Greece in 480 BC

Eighth ruling dynasty of Magadha (73–28 BCE)

Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism

Major volcanic eruption around 1600 BC

Battle between Carthaginian and Romans forces in 218 BC

By the Macedonians under Alexander the Great

Founding house of the Sasanian Empire (224–651)

401 BC battle between Cyrus the Younger and Artaxerxes II

Ruling dynasty of ancient Armenia from 189 BC to 12 AD

Naval battle of the First Punic War; possibly the largest in history

Dynasty that ruled Armenia from 12 to 428

War between Rome and Macedonia, 171–168 BC

Naval battle in the Peloponnesian War

AD 83 Roman victory in modern Scotland

Pre-Roman tribe, namesake ancestors of the Basques

Wars in the Mediterranean, 229–168 BC

Pandemic in the Roman Empire (AD 249–262)

Second half of the Zhou dynasty (c. 770 – 256 BC)

Final battle of Caesar's Civil War in present-day southern Spain, 45 BC

Conflicts of Alexander the Great (336–323 BC)

Battle between Gauls and Roman Republic, c. 387 BC

430 BC epidemic in Athens, Greece

Battle of Caesar's civil war (46 BCE)

343–332 BC Achaemenid province (satrapy)

275 BC Battle of the Pyrrhic war

Battle between Christian Armenians and the Sasanian Empire (451 CE)

4th-century BC conflict between the Roman Republic and neighboring Latin peoples of Italy