Medieval

Empress of China from 690 to 705

Carolingian emperor from 800 to 814

Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1206 to 1227

Ruler of Mali from c. 1312 to c. 1337

Turco-Mongol conqueror (1320s–1405)

Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1520–1566)

Italian navigator and explorer (1451–1506)

Italian polymath (1452–1519)

Italian artist and architect (1475–1564)

Arab Islamic scholar, historian and philosopher (1332–1406)

Florentine statesman, diplomat, and political theorist (1469–1527)

Ethnic group of central Mexico and its civilization

1438–1533 empire in South America

Empire in West Africa from c. 1226 to 1610

Country in Central Europe

1346–1353 pandemic in Eurasia and North Africa

Religious wars of the High Middle Ages

European political entity (800/962–1806)

Chinese poet (701–762)

Empire in Eurasia

Sufi mystic and poet (1207–1273)

Italian writer and philosopher (1265–1321)

Turkish Empire (c. 1299–1922)

Imperial dynasty of China from 618 to 907

European cultural period of the 14th to 17th centuries

Colonial empire between 1492 and 1976

Persian polymath, physician and philosopher (c. 980–1037)

German inventor and craftsman (died 1468)

Mathematician and astronomer (1473–1543)

Capital and largest city of Egypt

Most populous city in Nigeria

Founder of Islam (c. 570–632)

1st Shia Imam and 4th Rashidun caliph (656–661)

German priest, theologian and author (1483–1546)

Largest city in Turkey

Italian painter and architect (c. 1267–1337)

Flemish painter (died 1441)

15th-century Italian Renaissance painter

Italian Renaissance painter (1445–1510)

German artist and theorist (1471–1528)

Italian painter (c. 1477/88/90–1576)

Italian painter and architect (1483–1520)

German artist and printmaker (1497–1543)

Italian Renaissance sculptor (c. 1386–1466)

Italian Renaissance architect (1377–1446)

Italian architect and author (1404-1472)

16th-century Ottoman chief architect and civil engineer

Japanese painter (c. 1420–1506)

Tang-dynasty Chinese poet, musician, painter, and statesman

Tang dynasty Chinese poet (712–770)

Ancient Chinese writer, essayist and poet (768–824)

Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty (772-846)

Chinese poet, historian and statesman (1007–1072)

Chinese writer and politician (1037–1101)

Indian poet, writer, singer and scholar (1253–1325)

15th-16th century Indian poet and sant

8th-century classical Arabic poet

Persian poet (858–940/41)

Persian poet (940–1025)

Persian polymath and poet (1048–1131)

Persian poet (1414–1492)

Italian scholar and poet (1304–1374)

English writer (1343–1400)

Medieval Anglo-French conflicts, 1337–1453

West Slavic ethnic group

Mongol-led dynasty of China (1271–1368)

Ancient Anatolian people of Kussara

Style of medieval art

European dynastic family

Imperial dynasty of China (960–1279)

Historical semi-nomadic Turkic ethnic group

Medieval Christian military campaigns

1096–1099 Christian re-conquest of the Holy Land

Series of civil wars in England (1455–1487)

1453 Ottoman conquest of the Byzantine capital

First major battle in early Islam (624)

Battle between English and Normans in 1066

Cadet branch of French Capetian dynasty

Oghuz Turkic dynasty

1040–1147 Berber dynasty in west Africa and Iberia

Latin Christian armed expedition (1202–1204)

Medieval southern European Christian dualist movement

Sultanate in Egypt and Levant from 1171 to 1341

1147–1149 Christian holy war

1189–1192 attempted re-conquest of the Holy Land

English royal house of Welsh origin (r. 1485–1603)

Alliance of various Eurasian nomads – 6th to 9th centuries

732 battle of the Umayyad invasion of Gaul

Extinct Turkic people

1410 battle between the Teutonic Order and Poland–Lithuania

Artistic style of Europe from 1000 AD to the 13c

British royal house of Scottish origin

German royal and imperial dynasty

Angevin royal dynasty that ruled England in the Middle Ages

625 Muslim–Quraysh War battle

Cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty

1071 Seljuk victory over the Byzantines

1415 English victory in the Hundred Years' War

1187 Saladin victory over the Crusaders

680 battle in Iraq

1389 battle between Serbian-led forces and the Ottoman Empire

Pre-Columbian civilization in Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico

636 CE conflict between the Rashidun Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

Period of Chinese history (907–979)

Korean dynasty (918–1392)

Jurchen-led imperial dynasty of China

Royal family of the Ottoman Empire

Khitan-led dynasty of China (916–1125)

800–909 Arab dynasty of North Africa and South Italy

Noble lineage and rulers of Kievan Rus'

Mongol conquest of the Abbasid Caliphate (1258)

Religious crusade in Egypt from 1248 to 1254

Rashidun Caliphate's conquest of the Sasanian Empire

1066 battle in England

13th-century crusade against Catharism in southern France

Attempted crusade

1217–1221 attempted conquest of the Holy Land

Military campaign in early Muslim history, 627 CE

1402 Timurid–Ottoman battle

788–974 Arab dynasty ruling in the western Maghreb

Rulers of the Abbasid Caliphate

Berber Muslim dynasty, 1244–1465

Italian cultural movement from the 14th to 17th century

Crusade against Ifriqiya in 1270

Shia Iranian dynasty in Iran and Iraq (934–1062)

1228–1229 attempted conquest of the Holy Land

Late 8th-century–1215 Iranian dynasty from Ghor, modern Afghanistan

1356 battle of the Hundred Years' War

Battle between Russian principalities and Mongol forces

1314 battle during the First War of Scottish Independence

1346 English victory during the Hundred Years' War

Series of wars between the 7th and 11th centuries

821–873 Sunni Persian dynasty of Khorasan; Abbasid vassals

15th-century religious wars in Bohemia

541–549 AD in the Byzantine Empire, later northern Europe

8th–9th century renaissance within the Carolingian Empire

1260 battle between the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire

861–1002 Eastern Iranian dynasty

Native Americans in the Southwestern US

532 Byzantine revolt against Justinian I

European conflicts from 1494–1559

European crusade to the Holy Land, 1271–1272

Christian conquest of the First Crusade

Byzantine Greek noble family

1396 battle during the Ottoman wars in Europe

Battle in the Crusade of Varna

1223 battle where the Mongols fought against Rus' princes and Cumans

1229–1574 Sunni Berber dynasty in North Africa

8th-century conquest by the Umayyads

Historical dynasty of Turkoman origin (12–13th centuries AD)

Part of the Reconquista in Spain (1212)

Byzantine–Gothic war in Italy

751 battle between the Abbasid Caliphate and the Tang dynasty

Classical Indian dynasty (543–753)

1242 battle of the Northern Crusades on the frozen Lake Peipus

1485 battle during the Wars of the Roses

1381 uprising in England

Civil war in the early 15th century Ottoman Empire

Medieval astronomical clock in the Czech Republic

Medieval Muslim Turkic dynasty and state (977–1186)

717–718 siege of the Byzantine capital

1086 battle of the Spanish Reconquista

Hungarian ruling dynasty (9th century – 1301)

629 AD battle in the Arab–Byzantine Wars

Battle during the Ottoman-Hungarian Wars

Rulers of northern India (c. 1206–1290)

Sunni Muslim dynasty in Spain (1232–1492)

7th-century battle of the First Fitna

Series of military campaigns by the Mongol Empire

Royal house of Castilian origin

Battle of the First War of Scottish Independence

8th-century battle between the Visigothic Kingdom and the Umayyad Caliphate

Prelude to the First Crusade (April–October 1096)

1298 battle of the First War of Scottish Independence

Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia (636 CE)

Turkish Beylik in northeastern Anatolia

722 opening battle of the Reconquista of Spain

13th-century battle during the Mongol invasion of Poland

Kingdom in the Deccan (1347–1527)

Conquest of Jerusalem by the Ayyubids

1121–1269 Berber empire in North Africa and Iberia

Part of the Hungarian invasions of Europe, 955

Bohemian royal dynasty during the Middle Ages

1077–1260 Persianate Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin

1240 battle of the Swedish–Novgorodian Wars

628 military campaign in the early Muslim period

Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states

657 battle of the First Fitna

Portuguese dynasty

Famine of medieval Europe

1302 battle of the Franco-Flemish War

Mamluk dynasty in Egypt and Syria (868–905)

Turkic mamluk dynasty (935–969)

1290–1320 Turco-Afghan dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate

Dynasty in South Asia from 1320 to 1413

Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate in India, 1451–1526

Rashidun-era Muslim civil war (656 to 661)

Georgian royal dynasty

Turco-Mongol dynasty (1370–1857)

Turning point in the Hundred Years' War

Conflicts between the Byzantine and Ottoman empires (1299–1453)

1241 battle during the first Mongol invasion of Hungary

1340 naval battle

1472–1554 Berber dynasty ruling Morocco

Sanhaja Berber dynasty

Musical style of the Late Middle Ages

Islamic state in northern Mesopotamia and Syria from 890 to 1004

Pre-Inca Culture, c. 500 BCE–1000 CE

Conflict between the Minamoto and Taira clans of feudal Japan (1180–1185)

Philosophical revival of Confucianism (13th–19th centuries)

1177 battle between the Crusaders and Ayyubids

15th-century war in Northern Europe

14th-century battle of the Serbian–Ottoman Wars

Conflict between the early Muslims and Bedouins (630 AD)

Part of the Crusades

15th and 16th-century art of the Low Countries

Crusade

Imperial dynasty of Burma (1510–1752)

Art of the Frankish empire, ca. 780–900

Crusade from Norway to Palestine (1107–1111)

Ibadi ruling house in Algeria (777–909)

8th-century battle in France

Early battle during the First Crusade

Series of military campaigns launched by Abu Bakr against rebel Arab tribes

1396–1718 wars in the eastern Mediterranean

German noble family

931–1090 Gilaki dynasty of northern Iran

Conflicts in the Balkans (680–1355)

Last war between the Byzantine and Sasanian empires

7th-century conquest by the Rashidun Caliphate

Conflict between the Prussian Confederation, Poland, and the Teutonic Order

Part of the Ottoman wars in Europe and Ottoman-Hungarian Wars

1099 final battle of the First Crusade

1191 Third Crusade battle

Byzantine–Vandal war in North Africa (533–534)

Rulers of the Delhi Sultanate (1414–1451)

Final war of the Reconquista

12th–13th century Baltic Christianisation campaign

1014 battle of the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars

Battle during the Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628

China's Southern Dynasties (502–557)

Medieval Turkoman dynasty

Chinese imperial dynasty from 923 to 937

Painting style developed in the 14th century Siena

1302 battle of the Byzantine-Ottoman Wars

Egyptian dynasty (1250–1382)

1474–1477 Western European conflict

15th-century civil war in Japan

Pogroms of 1096

Berber dynasty in north Africa

Period during the High Middle Ages of European history

Battle ending the 1202–1214 Anglo-French Wars

1236 battle of the Livonian Crusade

Swiss conflict against the Habsburgs

1176 Lombard victory over Emperor Frederick Barbarossa

Imperial Vietnamese dynasty (1225–1400)

1176 battle between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Turks

Civil war in England and Normandy (1138–1153)

Imperial state in China from 907 to 923

Dynasty of Turco-Mongol origin in Central Asia

Muslim conquests by the Rashidun and Umayyad caliphates

1453 battle between France and England

1279 naval battle between the Song and Yuan dynasties

1066 battle near York, England

Chinese ruling dynasty from 951 to 960

Naval battle in 1000 in the Baltic Sea

Ruling dynasty of the Khanate of Crimea

Royal house of Europe

Part of the Muslim conquest of Persia (642 CE)

13th-century military campaign

Former empire in East Asia

1243 battle during the Mongol invasions of Anatolia

Kingdom in northern Ethiopia and Eritrea (1137–1270)

Period of the most exceptional artistic production during the Italian Renaissance

Part of the First Norman invasion of the Balkans

Japanese art movement

Part of Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 & the Avar–Byzantine Wars

1219–1221 military campaign

Last of the Southern Dynasties in China (557–589)

1461 battle in the Wars of the Roses

Imperial dynasty of China (947–951)

Chinese dynasty (936–947)

1471 Yorkist victory in the Wars of the Roses

Decisive final battle of the Portuguese Interregnum of 1383–85

Battle in 1104

Series of wars between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Grand Duchy of Moscow

1480 battle between the Great Horde and the Grand Duchy of Moscow

Part of the Abbasid Revolution, 750 AD

Part of the Burgundian Wars, 1477

Battle of the Iberian War, 530 AD

Battle between the Bulgarian Empire and the Byzantine Empire in 811

Part of the Hundred Years' War (1341 to 1365)

1429 battle during the Hundred Years' War

869–883 Revolt against the Abbasid Caliphate

1478 plot in the Republic of Florence

Dynasty in ancient South India

655 naval battle of the Arab–Byzantine wars

1471 engagement in the Wars of the Roses

South Indian dynasty (1163–1323)

French cultural and artistic movement

Battle between the troops of Charles of Anjou and Manfred of Sicily

1315 battle during the creation of the Swiss Confederacy

889–929 Iranian Muslim dynasty of Azerbaijan and Armenia

Aquitanian–Umayyad battle in medieval France

1493 battle of the Hundred Years' Croatian-Ottoman War

1455 opening battle of the Wars of the Roses

Legendary conflict

634 CE conflict between the Rashidun Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

Period of Byzantine history from 518 to 602

Part of the Georgian–Seljuk wars in 1121

878 battle between Wessex and Vikings

632 battle of the Ridda wars

Turkic dynasty in Persia (1136–1225)

12th-century earthquake in Syria

Berber tribal confederation in Morocco

1030 battle in Trøndelag, Norway

Battle between Lithuania and the Golden Horde

Style in pre-Romanesque German art

Battle of the Vandalic War in 533 AD

Battle between Byzantine Empire and Ostrogothic Kingdom during Gothic War

1450 battle of the Hundred Years' War

1182 massacre of Roman Catholics in Constantinople

1139 battle of the Portuguese Reconquista

Byzantine cultural movement during the Macedonian dynasty

Bulgarian victory over the Latin Empire

Civil war in the Kingdom of England

Dynasty of Egyptian monarchs (1382–1517 CE)

Series of 13th-century campaigns of Roman Catholic crusaders

1260 battle of the Livonian Crusade

Battle in the Middle East in 1119

Part of the Muslim Conquest of Syria

Military campaign in 1147

Battle of the Gothic War in 552 AD

Brief Japanese clan conflict in 1156

1460 Wars of the Roses battle

Part of the War of the Breton Succession (1364)

Second conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice

740 Battle of the Arab-Byzantine Wars in Anatolia

1219 battle during the Livonian Crusade

1195 battle of Almohads and Castillians

Late medieval Hindu dynasty of India (831–1315)

Part of the Viking invasions of England

919–1062 Iranian Muslim dynasty in Azerbaijan

Campaigns and insurrections of 772–804

1399 battle in present-day Ukraine

907 battle during Hungarian Conquest

Imperial dynasty that ruled Vietnam from 1009 to 1225

951–1199 Kurdish Muslim dynasty in Armenia and Azerbaijan