The Ubykh are one of the Circassian tribes, represented by one of the twelve stars on the green-and-gold Circassian flag. Along with the Circassian tribes of Natukhai and Shapsug, the Ubykh formed the Circassian Assembly in 1860. Historically, they spoke the Ubykh language, which never existed in written form and went extinct in 1992 when Tevfik Esenç, the last speaker, died.