The nuclear program of Iran consists of an extensive infrastructure of research sites, uranium mines, research reactors, uranium processing facilities, enrichment sites, the Bushehr Nuclear Power Plant—the country’s sole operational power reactor, currently expanding with two additional units—and the developing Darkhovin Nuclear Power Plant in Khuzestan. The program’s research capabilities are anchored by several facilities, most notably the Tehran Research Reactor and the heavy water reactor at Khondab. Its uranium processing infrastructure is centered in Isfahan, which serves as a hub for conversion and fuel fabrication, while primary enrichment activities are conducted at Natanz, Fordow, and within the Isfahan complex. Iran’s stated objective is a self-sufficient nuclear energy cycle to diversify its power grid and produce medical radioisotopes, citing a legal right to peaceful technology under the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). While viewed as a cornerstone of Iranian technological nationalism, the program has been the subject of a decades-long diplomatic and military standoff, particularly with the United States and Israel, culminating in large-scale conflicts in 2025 and 2026.