Perestroika was a political reform movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) during the late 1980s, widely associated with CPSU general secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and his glasnost ("transparency") policy reform. Perestroika literally means "restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the political economy of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Era of Stagnation. The term was coined by Soviet economist and sociologist Tatyana Zaslavskaya.