National Bolshevism, whose supporters were known as National Bolsheviks and colloquially as Nazbols, was a short lived syncretic political movement committed to combining ultranationalism and Bolshevik communism. The movement first emerged in Germany following World War I, where figures such as Ernst Niekisch and Karl Otto Paetel advocated for a synthesis of radical nationalism and Soviet socialism to oppose Western liberalism and the Treaty of Versailles. This German current, often associated with the Weimar Republic's Conservative Revolution, sought a revolutionary "third way" that rejected capitalism in favour of a state-driven, nationalist collective.