The Jewish–Roman wars were a series of large-scale revolts by the Jews of Judaea against the Roman Empire between 66 and 135 CE. The conflict was driven by Jewish aspirations to restore the political independence lost when Rome conquered the Hasmonean kingdom, and unfolded over three major uprisings: the First Jewish–Roman War, the Kitos War and the Bar Kokhba revolt. Some historians also include the Diaspora Revolt which coincided with the Kitos War, when Jewish communities across the Eastern Mediterranean rose up against Roman rule.