The Anglo-Persian War, also known as the Anglo-Iranian War, was a war fought between the United Kingdom and Iran, which was ruled by the Qajar dynasty. In the war, the British opposed an attempt by Iran to press its claim on the city of Herat. Though Herat had been conquered by Iran in 1856, it had declared itself independent under its own rebellious emir and placed itself under the protection of the British in India and in alliance with the Emirate of Afghanistan. The British campaign was successfully conducted under the leadership of Major General Sir James Outram in two theatres: on the southern coast of Iran near Bushehr and in southern Mesopotamia. The war resulted in the Iranians withdrawing from Herat in 1857 and signing the treaty of Paris to surrender their claims on the city in return for the British withdrawing from southern Iran.